It is the national fruit of Bangladesh and the state fruit of Tamilnadu and Kerala. The fruit was later introduced to Guam via Filipino settlers when both were part of the Spanish Empire. It was probably first domesticated by Austronesians in Java or the Malay Peninsula. The jackfruit was domesticated independently in South Asia and Southeast Asia, as indicated by the Southeast Asian names which are not derived from the Sanskrit roots. "Langka" is another name used especially in Philippine English borrowing from Tagalog related to nangkà in Cebuano and nangka in Malay both from the same Austronesian language family. Centuries later, botanist Ralph Randles Stewart suggested it was named after William Jack (1795–1822), a Scottish botanist who worked for the East India Company in Bengal, Sumatra, and Malaya. The common English name "jackfruit" was used by physician and naturalist Garcia de Orta in his 1563 book Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India. This term is in turn derived from the Proto-Dravidian root kā(y) ("fruit, vegetable"). 1321–1330) Mirabilia descripta: the wonders of the East. Henry Yule translated the book in Jordanus Catalani's ( fl. Later the Malayalam name ചക്ക ( chakka) was recorded by Hendrik van Rheede (1678–1703) in the Hortus Malabaricus, vol. The word jackfruit comes from Portuguese jaca, which in turn is derived from the Malayalam language term chakka (ചക്ക), when the Portuguese arrived in India at Kozhikode ( Calicut) on the Malabar Coast ( Kerala) in 1499. It is available internationally, canned or frozen, and in chilled meals, as are various products derived from the fruit, such as noodles and chips.Įtymology and common names Jackfruit tree illustrated from one of the earliest natural history books about China by Jesuit Missionary author Michael Boym in 1656. Both ripe and unripe fruits are consumed. Jackfruit is commonly used in South and Southeast Asian cuisines. Canned green jackfruit has a mild taste and meat-like texture that lends itself to being called "vegetable meat". The ripe fruit is sweet (depending on variety) and is commonly used in desserts. The jackfruit is a multiple fruit composed of hundreds to thousands of individual flowers, and the fleshy petals of the unripe fruit are eaten. A mature jackfruit tree produces some 200 fruits per year, with older trees bearing up to 500 fruits in a year. It bears the largest fruit of all trees, reaching as much as 55 kg (120 pounds) in weight, 90 cm (35 inches) in length, and 50 cm (20 inches) in diameter. The jackfruit tree is well-suited to tropical lowlands and is widely cultivated throughout tropical regions of the world, including India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and the rainforests of the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Australia. The jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus), also known as the jack tree or langka (in Philippine English), is a species of tree in the fig, mulberry, and breadfruit family ( Moraceae).
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